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Rabu, 23 Mei 2012

Mila Kunis, 'Black Swan' and how extreme diets warp your body

Pascal Le Segretain / Getty Images

Mila Kunis attends the Christian Dior Ready-To-Wear Fall/Winter 2012 show as part of Paris Fashion Week at Musee Rodin on March 2 in Paris, France.

Losing weight like a star may seem like a dream come true. With a personal trainer, personal chef, personal dietitian and personal assistant at your side, who couldn't shed 20 pounds in a few short weeks?

But a new interview with actress Mila Kunis in Harper's Bazaar indicates that fast weight loss (in this case for a role) can sometimes result in fast weight gain -- in all the wrong places.

Already lean, Kunis dropped 20 pounds in order to play Natalie Portman's ballerina frenemy in "Black Swan." At 95 pounds, Kunis says "I was muscles, like a little brick house, but skin and bones."

Unfortunately, when she gained the weight back, Kunis says it ended up in completely different places.

"All the weight that left my chest went to my side hip, my stomach," she told the magazine. 

Andrea N. Giancoli, a registered dietitian and spokeswoman for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, says redistributed weight isn't uncommon after drastic weight loss (and weight gain).

"What often happens with extreme weight loss and when you lose weight very quickly is that you lose muscle tissue," she says. "Unfortunately, when we gain the weight back, it comes back as fat."

And that fat tends to show up wherever you're genetically predisposed to get it.

"Some people store fat in their bellies, others in their thighs or their breasts or their buttocks," she says. "Wherever you typically store fat, you're going to see it go back there."

What's more, fast weight loss usually affects your metabolism, slowing it down so your body will burn the calories it gets more efficiently.

"You turn down the fire of your body furnace," she says. "But when you go back to eating normally again, that furnace is still turned down to low, therefore you gain weight more easily and you gain it as fat, unless you're really diligent about not overeating and exercising."

If you're dieting, Giancoli advises you shoot for losing 1-2 pounds a week, which gives your body opportunity to adapt to the weight loss and minimizes the loss of lean tissue and muscle.

As for celebrities and their weight-related ups and downs, she says they're often a perfect example of what not to do.

"Celebrities are great Petri dishes for us in a way," she says. "They demonstrate what happens with extreme weight loss. We'll hear that so-and-so lost 20 pounds in 20 days and we'll see her all thin and gorgeous. Then a few months down the line, she'll have gained all the weight back because she did it too rapidly. And we blame the celebs, not the ridiculous diets. But really, it all comes down to human physiology and biology. Your body doesn't like it when you lose weight that fast."

Have you noticed that your body behaves in weird ways after a crash diet? Tell us about your experiences on Facebook.

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Minggu, 25 Maret 2012

Black Men Who Confront Racial Discrimination And Hide Their Emotions At Greater Risk Of Depression

Enduring subtle, insidious acts of racial discrimination is enough to depress anyone, but African-American men who believe that they should respond to stress with stoicism and emotional control experience more depression symptoms, according to new findings from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

The study, "Taking It Like a Man: Masculine Role Norms as Moderators of the Racial Discrimination - Depressive Symptoms Association Among African-American Men," was published online in the American Journal of Public Health.

"We know that traditional role expectations are that men will restrict their emotions - or 'take stress like a man,'" said study author Wizdom Powell Hammond, Ph.D., assistant professor of health behavior in UNC's Gillings School of Global Public Health. "However, the more tightly some men cling to these traditional role norms, the more likely they are to be depressed.

"It also is clear that adherence to traditional role norms is not always harmful to men," Hammond said. "But we don't know a lot about how these norms shape how African-American men confront stressors, especially those that are race-related."

Hammond studied the phenomenon researchers call everyday racism, which is marked not so much by magnitude or how egregious the prejudice and torment were, but by persistence and subtlety.

"It chips away at people's sense of humanity and very likely at their hope and optimism," Hammond said. "We know these daily hassles have consequences for men's mental health, but we don't know why some men experience depression while others do not."

Hammond studied data collected from surveys of 674 African-American men, aged 18 and older, carried out at barber shops in four U.S. regions between 2003 and 2010.

She found that everyday racial discrimination was associated with depression across all age groups. Younger men (aged under 40) were more depressed, experienced more discrimination and had a stronger allegiance to norms encouraging them to restrict their emotions than men over 40 years old. Furthermore, some men who embraced norms encouraging more self-reliance reported less depression.

The results showed associations, not necessarily causation, Hammond noted.

The data also showed that when men felt strongly about the need to shut down their emotions, then the negative effect of discrimination on their mental health was amplified. The association was particularly apparent for men aged 30 years and older.

"It seems as though there may be a cumulative burden or long-term consequences of suffering such persistent discriminatory slights and hassles in silence," Hammond said. "Our next task is to determine when embracing traditional role norms are harmful or helpful to African American men's mental health."

The information will help target future interventions to subgroups of men, rather than try to reach all men with one general approach.

"African-American men are not all alike, just as all people in any group are not alike," Hammond said. "The way they feel, respond and react changes over time as they normally develop. The slings and arrows of everyday racism still exist, and we need to find targeted ways to help men defend against them while also working to address the policy structures that project them."

Article adapted by Medical News Today from original press release. Click 'references' tab above for source.
Visit our depression section for the latest news on this subject. Currently, Hammond is part of the 2011-2012 class of White House Fellows. Founded in 1964, the leadership and public service program offers fellows a first-hand experience working at the highest levels of the federal government.
Hammond also is a member of the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.
The study is available at http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/ajph.2011.300485.
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report:

MLA

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. "Black Men Who Confront Racial Discrimination And Hide Their Emotions At Greater Risk Of Depression." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 16 Mar. 2012. Web.
17 Mar. 2012. APA

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